Time and Uncertainty – Uncertainty and Time: Exploring the Temporal Nature of Uncertainty in Future Making

Drawing on the concept of projectivity, we develop a more future-orientated theory of entrepreneurship as projecting, which, at its core, explains how projects and narratives complement each other to enable actions towards an unknown future. Its application, we argue, can help researchers and practitioners deepen their understanding of uncertainty as a temporal phenomenon and its consequences for entrepreneurship as temporal activity. We will show how the entrepreneurship literature that relates uncertainty to knowledge (Knightian uncertainty) has inherently dealt with temporal aspects of uncertainty without having them made explicit. We will then connect these insights with the literature on projectivity and projecting by focusing on the insights of the New York School of relational sociology. Synthesizing these literatures, we will create a research agenda that enables studying entrepreneurship as projecting. While such an agenda advances entrepreneurship by emphasizing its future orientation, it also contributes to the emerging research on future making in organization and management studies more generally.