Repensant la racionalitat de les politiques cientifica, technologica i de l'innovacio des de la perspectiva del coneixement

Science, technology and innovation policies are three ideal-types of policy in that they provide an appropriate analytical means for understanding the underlying logic of public action with regard to these issues since the 1950sand the comparative examination of recent trends in different European countries during the transition from policies based on technology to an innovation-policy approach in the 1990s. The article distinguishes between the three policy types and goes on to look at the overall changing patterns in the production, appropriation, diffusion and exploitation of knowledge. Previous attempts to examine market and government failures developing as a result of science and technology polices have been unable to resolve bottlenecks and pitfalls. The main premise of this article is that a new rationale for policy based on the changes that these four dimensions of knowledge have undergone is necessary, together with an accurate definition of the different kinds of systemic failure in order to overcome the classic dichotomy between market and government failures