Global Value Chains, Industrial Policy and Economic Upgrading in Ethiopia’s Apparel Sector

Lindsay Whitfield*, Cornelia Staritz, Mike Morris

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journalJournal articleResearchpeer-review

Abstract

This article examines whether low‐income countries can still benefit from participating in manufacturing global value chains (GVCs) in terms of broader industrial development in a global context of greater competition and higher requirements. It contends that developing internationally competitive local firms and domestic linkages, in addition to upgrading, is crucial for participation in GVCs to drive industrialization. The study focuses on Ethiopia's recent experience with developing an apparel export industry through strategic industrial policy. Based on original empirical data collected through firm‐level surveys and interviews with government officials, industry experts and buyers, the article analyses the upgrading and localization trajectories of foreign and local apparel‐exporting firms. It argues that value‐capture benefits in assembly positions in apparel GVCs have become more difficult. The potential for localization benefits depends on the type of global buyers and foreign producers and their levels of embeddedness, but whether this potential is realized also depends on local firm characteristics and related industrial policy. Ethiopia's industrial policy has been relatively successful regarding national economy linkages, but less successful in developing competitive local export firms due to a weak local manufacturing tradition combined with a global context that has led to a supplier squeeze.
Original languageEnglish
JournalDevelopment and Change
Volume51
Issue number4
Pages (from-to)1018-1043
Number of pages26
ISSN0012-155X
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - Jul 2020
Externally publishedYes

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