Does Geopolitical Risk Accelerate Climate Vulnerability? New Evidence from the European Green Deal

This paper studies 41 countries from 1995 to 2021 and uses the European Green Deal (EGD) as an example to explore the impact of policy intervention on the relationship between geopolitical risk and climate vulnerability. The main findings show that: (1) Geopolitical risk can exacerbate climate vulnerability, primarily manifested in negative impacts on food, water, health, and ecosystems. (2) Green transition and green investment can mitigate the adverse impact of geopolitical risk on climate vulnerability. (3) The positive effect of the EGD on the green transition and green investment can further mitigate climate vulnerability caused by geopolitical conflicts. This study provides practical approaches and references for policymakers to reduce the impact of geopolitical conflicts and enhance climate resilience.