Innovative Sustainable Urban Last Mile: Small Vehicles and Business Models

Due to a rise in e-commerce and urbanization there is a rapid increase in last mile deliveries in the Nordic countries and internationally. This pace may increase due to the Corona crisis where many choose to shop on-line in order to avoid crowds. In a few years, last mile deliveries may impose a considerable problem for cities where activities are already competing for space. The last mile is often the most inefficient, costly, and emission intensive part of the transport chain. Fill rates are low, and the cost of the last mile may amount to one third of total cost. The negative effects of transport (emissions, congestion and accidents) become critical in cities where people live and work.