@techreport{e498ef9024154b39aa36fa747da218d3,
title = "Upgrading Trajectories in South Africa: Exploring the Roles of Customer and Supplier Link Types in Manufacturers{\textquoteright} Economic, Social and Environmental Upgrading",
abstract = "This study explores determinants of firms{\textquoteright} economic, social and environmental upgrading and downgrading trajectories in South Africa, with a focus on the manufacturing sector. Specifically, it considers connections between firms{\textquoteright} buyer and supplier relationships and their upgrading outcomes. Data is drawn from the World Bank Enterprise Surveys of 2007 and 2020 and analysed using social network and econometric analysis. ",
keywords = "Production, Cost, Capital, Total factor and multifactor productivity, Capacity, Transactional relationships, Contracts and reputation, Networks, Industry studies, Manufacturing, Wages, Compensation and labour costs, Environment and development, Environment and trade, Sustainability, Environmental accounts and accounting, Environmental equity, Population growth, Production, Cost, Capital, Total factor and multifactor productivity, Capacity, Transactional relationships, Contracts and reputation, Networks, Industry studies, Manufacturing, Wages, Compensation and labour costs, Environment and development, Environment and trade, Sustainability, Environmental accounts and accounting, Environmental equity, Population growth",
author = "Rachel Alexander and Aarti Krishnan",
year = "2023",
language = "English",
series = "SARChI Industrial Development Working Paper Series",
publisher = "University of Johannesburg",
number = "2023-09",
type = "WorkingPaper",
institution = "University of Johannesburg",
}