The European Model for Regenerating Cities: Lessons from Copenhagen Hamburg Helsinki Lyon

Cities across the world face increasing demands at a time when public resources are under enormous pressure. With urban populations growing, public needs for infrastructure such as water, energy,
public transit, afordable housing, and waste management are growing as well. At the same time, many older cities have legacy infrastructure (e.g., roads, energy) and underutilized areas (e.g., former
industrial and harbor districts) that need to be repurposed for a radically changed economy. With public fnance budgets overstretched and increases in taxes often contentious, government at all levels is
challenged to fnance these eforts.