Digitalisation and Economic Regulation in the Energy Sector

The green energy transition relies on electricity generation from intermittent renewable energy sources and the electrification of end-consumption
such as heating or mobility. At the same time, an increasing number of previously passive consumers are becoming active actors in the energy system, while the quantity of electric devices connected to the grid increases. These trends pose new operational, economic, and regulatory questions
as the traditional roles of certain agents are mutating and multiplying. Digitalisation offers the possibility of implementing innovative solutions
to the new challenges faced by grid operators, especially at the distribution grid level. We present some potential digital solutions to overcome the
operational challenges imposed by the ‘future-proof’ energy systems currently being devised and we address their economic implications. We also
tackle some aspects related to the digitalisation of the energy sector (efficiency and innovation, interoperability and standardisation, centralised
vs decentralised solutions) from an economic perspective. Finally, a successful digitalisation of the sector requires adjustments in the regulatory
frameworks. In conclusion, we detail some regulatory improvements that are needed.