Call for Emergency Action to Restore Dietary Diversity and Protect Global Food Systems in Times of COVID-19 and Beyond: Results From a Cross-sectional Study in 38 Countries

Maha Hoteit; Reem Hoteit; Ayoub Aljawaldeh; Kathleen  Van Royen; Sara  Pabian; Paulien  Decorte; Isabelle  Cuykx; Lauranna  Teunissen; Charlotte  De Backer; Ina Bergheim; Raphaela Staltner; Amanda Devine; Ros Sambell; Ruth Wallace; Sabika Salem Allehdan; Tariq Abdulkarim Alalwan; Mariam Ahamad Al-Mannai; Gaëlle Ouvrein; Karolien Poels; Heidi Vandebosch; Katrien Maldoy; Christophe  Matthys; Tim Smits; Jules Vrinten; Ann DeSmet; Nelleke Teughels; Maggie Geuens; Iris Vermeir; Viktor Proesmans; Liselot Hudders; Marcia Dutra De Barcellos; Cristina Ostermann; Ana Luiza Brock; Cynthia Favieiro; Rafaela Trizotto; Isadora Stangherlin; Anthonieta Looman Mafra; Marco Antônio Correa Varella; Jaroslava Varella Valentova; Maryanne L. Fisher; Melanie MacEacheron; Katherine White; Rishad Habib; David S. Dobson; Berta Schnettler; Ligia Orellana; Edgardo Miranda-Zapata; Angela Wen-Yu Chang; Wen Jiao; Matthew Tingchi Liu; Klaus G. Grunert; Rikke Nyland Christensen; Lucia A. Reisch; Meike Janssen; Victoria Abril-Ulloa; Lorena Encalada; Iman Kamel; Annukka Vainio; Mari Niva; Laura Salmivaara; Johanna Mäkelä; Kaisa Torkkeli; Robert Mai; Pamela Kerschke Risch; Efthymios  Altsitsiadis; Angelos Stamos; Andreas Antronikidis; Maeve Henchion; Sinead McCarthy; Mary McCarthy; Alessandra Micalizzi; Peter J. Schulz; Manuela Farinosi; Hidenori Komatsu; Nobuyuki Tanaka; Hiromi Kubota; Reema Tayyem; Narmeen J. Al-Awwad; Nahla Al-Bayyari; Mohammed O. Ibrahim; Fadwa Hammouh; Somaia Dashti; Basma Dashti; Dhuha Alkharaif; Amani Alshatti; Maryam Al Mazedi; Rania Mansour; Elissa Naim; Hussein Mortada; Yareni Yunuen Gutierrez Gomez; Kelly Geyskens; Caroline Goukens; Rajshri Roy; Victoria Egli; Lisa Te Morenga; Mostafa Waly; Radwan Qasrawi; Motasem Hamdan; Rania Abu Sier; Diala Abu Al Halawa; Hazem Agha; María Reyna Liria Domínguez; Lita Palomares; Grażyna Wąsowicz; Hiba Bawadi; Reema Tayyem; Manal Othman; Jaafar Pakari; Allam Abu Farha; Rasha Abu-El-Ruz; Dacinia Crina Petrescu; Ruxandra Malina Petrescu Mag; Felix Arion; Stefan Cristian Vesa; Majid M. Alkhalaf; Khlood Bookari; Jamila Arrish; Zackaria Rahim; Roy Kheng; Yandisa Ngqangashe; Zandile June-Rose Mchiza; Marcela Gonzalez-Gross; Lisset Pantoja-Arévalo; Eva Gesteiro; Yolanda Ríos; Peter Yiga; Patrick Ogwok; Denis Ocen; Michael Bamuwamye; Haleama  Al Sabbah; Zainab Taha; Leila Cheikh Ismail; Ayesha Aldhaheri; Elisa Pineda; Marisa Miraldo; Dawn Liu Holford; Hilde Van den Bulck

doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21585

Call for Emergency Action to Restore Dietary Diversity and Protect Global Food Systems in Times of COVID-19 and Beyond: Results From a Cross-sectional Study in 38 Countries

Maha Hoteit^*, Reem Hoteit, Ayoub Aljawaldeh, Kathleen Van Royen, Sara Pabian, Paulien Decorte, Isabelle Cuykx, Lauranna Teunissen, Charlotte De Backer, Ina Bergheim, Raphaela Staltner, Amanda Devine, Ros Sambell, Ruth Wallace, Sabika Salem Allehdan, Tariq Abdulkarim Alalwan, Mariam Ahamad Al-Mannai, Gaëlle Ouvrein, Karolien Poels, Heidi VandeboschKatrien Maldoy, Christophe Matthys, Tim Smits, Jules Vrinten, Ann DeSmet, Nelleke Teughels, Maggie Geuens, Iris Vermeir, Viktor Proesmans, Liselot Hudders, Marcia Dutra De Barcellos, Cristina Ostermann, Ana Luiza Brock, Cynthia Favieiro, Rafaela Trizotto, Isadora Stangherlin, Anthonieta Looman Mafra, Marco Antônio Correa Varella, Jaroslava Varella Valentova, Maryanne L. Fisher, Melanie MacEacheron, Katherine White, Rishad Habib, David S. Dobson, Berta Schnettler, Ligia Orellana, Edgardo Miranda-Zapata, Angela Wen-Yu Chang, Wen Jiao, Matthew Tingchi Liu, Klaus G. Grunert, Rikke Nyland Christensen, Lucia A. Reisch, Meike Janssen, Victoria Abril-Ulloa, Lorena Encalada, Iman Kamel, Annukka Vainio, Mari Niva, Laura Salmivaara, Johanna Mäkelä, Kaisa Torkkeli, Robert Mai, Pamela Kerschke Risch, Efthymios Altsitsiadis, Angelos Stamos, Andreas Antronikidis, Maeve Henchion, Sinead McCarthy, Mary McCarthy, Alessandra Micalizzi, Peter J. Schulz, Manuela Farinosi, Hidenori Komatsu, Nobuyuki Tanaka, Hiromi Kubota, Reema Tayyem, Narmeen J. Al-Awwad, Nahla Al-Bayyari, Mohammed O. Ibrahim, Fadwa Hammouh, Somaia Dashti, Basma Dashti, Dhuha Alkharaif, Amani Alshatti, Maryam Al Mazedi, Rania Mansour, Elissa Naim, Hussein Mortada, Yareni Yunuen Gutierrez Gomez, Kelly Geyskens, Caroline Goukens, Rajshri Roy, Victoria Egli, Lisa Te Morenga, Mostafa Waly, Radwan Qasrawi, Motasem Hamdan, Rania Abu Sier, Diala Abu Al Halawa, Hazem Agha, María Reyna Liria Domínguez, Lita Palomares, Grażyna Wąsowicz, Hiba Bawadi, Reema Tayyem, Manal Othman, Jaafar Pakari, Allam Abu Farha, Rasha Abu-El-Ruz, Dacinia Crina Petrescu, Ruxandra Malina Petrescu Mag, Felix Arion, Stefan Cristian Vesa, Majid M. Alkhalaf, Khlood Bookari, Jamila Arrish, Zackaria Rahim, Roy Kheng, Yandisa Ngqangashe, Zandile June-Rose Mchiza, Marcela Gonzalez-Gross, Lisset Pantoja-Arévalo, Eva Gesteiro, Yolanda Ríos, Peter Yiga, Patrick Ogwok, Denis Ocen, Michael Bamuwamye, Haleama Al Sabbah, Zainab Taha, Leila Cheikh Ismail, Ayesha Aldhaheri, Elisa Pineda, Marisa Miraldo, Dawn Liu Holford, Hilde Van den Bulck

^*Corresponding author af dette arbejde

Department of Management, Society and Communication

Publikation: Bidrag til tidsskrift › Tidsskriftartikel › Forskning › peer review

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Abstract

Background:The COVID-19 pandemic has revealed the fragility of the global food system, sending shockwaves across countries' societies and economy. This has presented formidable challenges to sustaining a healthy and resilient lifestyle. The objective of this study is to examine the food consumption patterns and assess diet diversity indicators, primarily focusing on the food consumption score (FCS), among households in 38 countries both before and during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods: A cross-sectional study with 37 207 participants (mean age: 36.70 ± 14.79, with 77 % women) was conducted in 38 countries through an online survey administered between April and June 2020. The study utilized a pre-tested food frequency questionnaire to explore food consumption patterns both before and during the COVID-19 periods. Additionally, the study computed Food Consumption Score (FCS) as a proxy indicator for assessing the dietary diversity of households.

Findings: This quantification of global, regional and national dietary diversity across 38 countries showed an increment in the consumption of all food groups but a drop in the intake of vegetables and in the dietary diversity. The household's food consumption scores indicating dietary diversity varied across regions. It decreased in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) countries, including Lebanon (p < 0.001) and increased in the Gulf Cooperation Council countries including Bahrain (p = 0.003), Egypt (p < 0.001) and United Arab Emirates (p = 0.013). A decline in the household's dietary diversity was observed in Australia (p < 0.001), in South Africa including Uganda (p < 0.001), in Europe including Belgium (p < 0.001), Denmark (p = 0.002), Finland (p < 0.001) and Netherland (p = 0.027) and in South America including Ecuador (p < 0.001), Brazil (p < 0.001), Mexico (p < 0.0001) and Peru (p < 0.001). Middle and older ages [OR = 1.2; 95 % CI = [1.125–1.426] [OR = 2.5; 95 % CI = [1.951–3.064], being a woman [OR = 1.2; 95 % CI = [1.117–1.367], having a high education (p < 0.001), and showing amelioration in food-related behaviors [OR = 1.4; 95 % CI = [1.292–1.709] were all linked to having a higher dietary diversity.

Conclusion: The minor to moderate changes in food consumption patterns observed across the 38 countries within relatively short time frames could become lasting, leading to a significant and prolonged reduction in dietary diversity, as demonstrated by our findings.

Originalsprog	Engelsk
Artikelnummer	e21585
Tidsskrift	Heliyon
Vol/bind	9
Udgave nummer	11
Antal sider	12
ISSN	2405-8440
DOI	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21585
Status	Udgivet - nov. 2023

Emneord

Food-related behaviors
Food consumption score
Dietary diversity
Food consumption pattern
Pandemics
COVID-19

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10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21585Licens: CC BY-NC-ND

maha_hoteit_et_al_call_for_emergency_action_to_restore_dietary_diversity_publishersversionForlagets udgivne version, 1,33 MBLicens: CC BY-NC-ND

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Hoteit, M., Hoteit, R., Aljawaldeh, A., Van Royen, K., Pabian, S., Decorte, P., Cuykx, I., Teunissen, L., De Backer, C., Bergheim, I., Staltner, R., Devine, A., Sambell, R., Wallace, R., Allehdan, S. S., Alalwan, T. A., Al-Mannai, M. A., Ouvrein, G., Poels, K., ... den Bulck, H. V. (2023). Call for Emergency Action to Restore Dietary Diversity and Protect Global Food Systems in Times of COVID-19 and Beyond: Results From a Cross-sectional Study in 38 Countries. Heliyon, 9(11), Artikel e21585. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21585

@article{ac82837a87e946399ad454791273f169,

title = "Call for Emergency Action to Restore Dietary Diversity and Protect Global Food Systems in Times of COVID-19 and Beyond: Results From a Cross-sectional Study in 38 Countries",

abstract = "Background:The COVID-19 pandemic has revealed the fragility of the global food system, sending shockwaves across countries' societies and economy. This has presented formidable challenges to sustaining a healthy and resilient lifestyle. The objective of this study is to examine the food consumption patterns and assess diet diversity indicators, primarily focusing on the food consumption score (FCS), among households in 38 countries both before and during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic.Methods: A cross-sectional study with 37 207 participants (mean age: 36.70 ± 14.79, with 77 % women) was conducted in 38 countries through an online survey administered between April and June 2020. The study utilized a pre-tested food frequency questionnaire to explore food consumption patterns both before and during the COVID-19 periods. Additionally, the study computed Food Consumption Score (FCS) as a proxy indicator for assessing the dietary diversity of households.Findings: This quantification of global, regional and national dietary diversity across 38 countries showed an increment in the consumption of all food groups but a drop in the intake of vegetables and in the dietary diversity. The household's food consumption scores indicating dietary diversity varied across regions. It decreased in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) countries, including Lebanon (p < 0.001) and increased in the Gulf Cooperation Council countries including Bahrain (p = 0.003), Egypt (p < 0.001) and United Arab Emirates (p = 0.013). A decline in the household's dietary diversity was observed in Australia (p < 0.001), in South Africa including Uganda (p < 0.001), in Europe including Belgium (p < 0.001), Denmark (p = 0.002), Finland (p < 0.001) and Netherland (p = 0.027) and in South America including Ecuador (p < 0.001), Brazil (p < 0.001), Mexico (p < 0.0001) and Peru (p < 0.001). Middle and older ages [OR = 1.2; 95 % CI = [1.125–1.426] [OR = 2.5; 95 % CI = [1.951–3.064], being a woman [OR = 1.2; 95 % CI = [1.117–1.367], having a high education (p < 0.001), and showing amelioration in food-related behaviors [OR = 1.4; 95 % CI = [1.292–1.709] were all linked to having a higher dietary diversity.Conclusion: The minor to moderate changes in food consumption patterns observed across the 38 countries within relatively short time frames could become lasting, leading to a significant and prolonged reduction in dietary diversity, as demonstrated by our findings.",

keywords = "Food-related behaviors, Food consumption score, Dietary diversity, Food consumption pattern, Pandemics, COVID-19, COVID-19, Pandemics, Food consumption pattern, Dietary diversity, Food consumption score, Food-related behaviors",

author = "Maha Hoteit and Reem Hoteit and Ayoub Aljawaldeh and {Van Royen}, Kathleen and Sara Pabian and Paulien Decorte and Isabelle Cuykx and Lauranna Teunissen and {De Backer}, Charlotte and Ina Bergheim and Raphaela Staltner and Amanda Devine and Ros Sambell and Ruth Wallace and Allehdan, {Sabika Salem} and Alalwan, {Tariq Abdulkarim} and Al-Mannai, {Mariam Ahamad} and Ga{\"e}lle Ouvrein and Karolien Poels and Heidi Vandebosch and Katrien Maldoy and Christophe Matthys and Tim Smits and Jules Vrinten and Ann DeSmet and Nelleke Teughels and Maggie Geuens and Iris Vermeir and Viktor Proesmans and Liselot Hudders and {De Barcellos}, {Marcia Dutra} and Cristina Ostermann and Brock, {Ana Luiza} and Cynthia Favieiro and Rafaela Trizotto and Isadora Stangherlin and Mafra, {Anthonieta Looman} and Varella, {Marco Ant{\^o}nio Correa} and Valentova, {Jaroslava Varella} and Fisher, {Maryanne L.} and Melanie MacEacheron and Katherine White and Rishad Habib and Dobson, {David S.} and Berta Schnettler and Ligia Orellana and Edgardo Miranda-Zapata and Chang, {Angela Wen-Yu} and Wen Jiao and Liu, {Matthew Tingchi} and Grunert, {Klaus G.} and {Nyland Christensen}, Rikke and Reisch, {Lucia A.} and Meike Janssen and Victoria Abril-Ulloa and Lorena Encalada and Iman Kamel and Annukka Vainio and Mari Niva and Laura Salmivaara and Johanna M{\"a}kel{\"a} and Kaisa Torkkeli and Robert Mai and Risch, {Pamela Kerschke} and Efthymios Altsitsiadis and Angelos Stamos and Andreas Antronikidis and Maeve Henchion and Sinead McCarthy and Mary McCarthy and Alessandra Micalizzi and Schulz, {Peter J.} and Manuela Farinosi and Hidenori Komatsu and Nobuyuki Tanaka and Hiromi Kubota and Reema Tayyem and Al-Awwad, {Narmeen J.} and Nahla Al-Bayyari and Ibrahim, {Mohammed O.} and Fadwa Hammouh and Somaia Dashti and Basma Dashti and Dhuha Alkharaif and Amani Alshatti and {Al Mazedi}, Maryam and Rania Mansour and Elissa Naim and Hussein Mortada and Gomez, {Yareni Yunuen Gutierrez} and Kelly Geyskens and Caroline Goukens and Rajshri Roy and Victoria Egli and Morenga, {Lisa Te} and Mostafa Waly and Radwan Qasrawi and Motasem Hamdan and Sier, {Rania Abu} and {Al Halawa}, {Diala Abu} and Hazem Agha and Dom{\'i}nguez, {Mar{\'i}a Reyna Liria} and Lita Palomares and Gra{\.z}yna W{\c a}sowicz and Hiba Bawadi and Reema Tayyem and Manal Othman and Jaafar Pakari and Farha, {Allam Abu} and Rasha Abu-El-Ruz and Petrescu, {Dacinia Crina} and Mag, {Ruxandra Malina Petrescu} and Felix Arion and Vesa, {Stefan Cristian} and Alkhalaf, {Majid M.} and Khlood Bookari and Jamila Arrish and Zackaria Rahim and Roy Kheng and Yandisa Ngqangashe and Mchiza, {Zandile June-Rose} and Marcela Gonzalez-Gross and Lisset Pantoja-Ar{\'e}valo and Eva Gesteiro and Yolanda R{\'i}os and Peter Yiga and Patrick Ogwok and Denis Ocen and Michael Bamuwamye and {Al Sabbah}, Haleama and Zainab Taha and Ismail, {Leila Cheikh} and Ayesha Aldhaheri and Elisa Pineda and Marisa Miraldo and Holford, {Dawn Liu} and {den Bulck}, {Hilde Van}",

year = "2023",

month = nov,

doi = "10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21585",

language = "English",

volume = "9",

journal = "Heliyon",

issn = "2405-8440",

publisher = "CellPress",

number = "11",

}

Hoteit, M, Hoteit, R, Aljawaldeh, A, Van Royen, K, Pabian, S, Decorte, P, Cuykx, I, Teunissen, L, De Backer, C, Bergheim, I, Staltner, R, Devine, A, Sambell, R, Wallace, R, Allehdan, SS, Alalwan, TA, Al-Mannai, MA, Ouvrein, G, Poels, K, Vandebosch, H, Maldoy, K, Matthys, C, Smits, T, Vrinten, J, DeSmet, A, Teughels, N, Geuens, M, Vermeir, I, Proesmans, V, Hudders, L, De Barcellos, MD, Ostermann, C, Brock, AL, Favieiro, C, Trizotto, R, Stangherlin, I, Mafra, AL, Varella, MAC, Valentova, JV, Fisher, ML, MacEacheron, M, White, K, Habib, R, Dobson, DS, Schnettler, B, Orellana, L, Miranda-Zapata, E, Chang, AW-Y, Jiao, W, Liu, MT, Grunert, KG, Nyland Christensen, R, Reisch, LA , Janssen, M, Abril-Ulloa, V, Encalada, L, Kamel, I, Vainio, A, Niva, M, Salmivaara, L, Mäkelä, J, Torkkeli, K, Mai, R, Risch, PK, Altsitsiadis, E, Stamos, A, Antronikidis, A, Henchion, M, McCarthy, S, McCarthy, M, Micalizzi, A, Schulz, PJ, Farinosi, M, Komatsu, H, Tanaka, N, Kubota, H, Tayyem, R, Al-Awwad, NJ, Al-Bayyari, N, Ibrahim, MO, Hammouh, F, Dashti, S, Dashti, B, Alkharaif, D, Alshatti, A, Al Mazedi, M, Mansour, R, Naim, E, Mortada, H, Gomez, YYG, Geyskens, K, Goukens, C, Roy, R, Egli, V, Morenga, LT, Waly, M, Qasrawi, R, Hamdan, M, Sier, RA, Al Halawa, DA, Agha, H, Domínguez, MRL, Palomares, L, Wąsowicz, G, Bawadi, H, Tayyem, R, Othman, M, Pakari, J, Farha, AA, Abu-El-Ruz, R, Petrescu, DC, Mag, RMP, Arion, F, Vesa, SC, Alkhalaf, MM, Bookari, K, Arrish, J, Rahim, Z, Kheng, R, Ngqangashe, Y, Mchiza, ZJ-R, Gonzalez-Gross, M, Pantoja-Arévalo, L, Gesteiro, E, Ríos, Y, Yiga, P, Ogwok, P, Ocen, D, Bamuwamye, M, Al Sabbah, H, Taha, Z, Ismail, LC, Aldhaheri, A, Pineda, E, Miraldo, M, Holford, DL & den Bulck, HV 2023, 'Call for Emergency Action to Restore Dietary Diversity and Protect Global Food Systems in Times of COVID-19 and Beyond: Results From a Cross-sectional Study in 38 Countries', Heliyon, bind 9, nr. 11, e21585. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21585

TY - JOUR

T1 - Call for Emergency Action to Restore Dietary Diversity and Protect Global Food Systems in Times of COVID-19 and Beyond

T2 - Results From a Cross-sectional Study in 38 Countries

AU - Hoteit, Maha

AU - Hoteit, Reem

AU - Aljawaldeh, Ayoub

AU - Van Royen, Kathleen

AU - Pabian, Sara

AU - Decorte, Paulien

AU - Cuykx, Isabelle

AU - Teunissen, Lauranna

AU - De Backer, Charlotte

AU - Bergheim, Ina

AU - Staltner, Raphaela

AU - Devine, Amanda

AU - Sambell, Ros

AU - Wallace, Ruth

AU - Allehdan, Sabika Salem

AU - Alalwan, Tariq Abdulkarim

AU - Al-Mannai, Mariam Ahamad

AU - Ouvrein, Gaëlle

AU - Poels, Karolien

AU - Vandebosch, Heidi

AU - Maldoy, Katrien

AU - Matthys, Christophe

AU - Smits, Tim

AU - Vrinten, Jules

AU - DeSmet, Ann

AU - Teughels, Nelleke

AU - Geuens, Maggie

AU - Vermeir, Iris

AU - Proesmans, Viktor

AU - Hudders, Liselot

AU - De Barcellos, Marcia Dutra

AU - Ostermann, Cristina

AU - Brock, Ana Luiza

AU - Favieiro, Cynthia

AU - Trizotto, Rafaela

AU - Stangherlin, Isadora

AU - Mafra, Anthonieta Looman

AU - Varella, Marco Antônio Correa

AU - Valentova, Jaroslava Varella

AU - Fisher, Maryanne L.

AU - MacEacheron, Melanie

AU - White, Katherine

AU - Habib, Rishad

AU - Dobson, David S.

AU - Schnettler, Berta

AU - Orellana, Ligia

AU - Miranda-Zapata, Edgardo

AU - Chang, Angela Wen-Yu

AU - Jiao, Wen

AU - Liu, Matthew Tingchi

AU - Grunert, Klaus G.

AU - Nyland Christensen, Rikke

AU - Reisch, Lucia A.

AU - Janssen, Meike

AU - Abril-Ulloa, Victoria

AU - Encalada, Lorena

AU - Kamel, Iman

AU - Vainio, Annukka

AU - Niva, Mari

AU - Salmivaara, Laura

AU - Mäkelä, Johanna

AU - Torkkeli, Kaisa

AU - Mai, Robert

AU - Risch, Pamela Kerschke

AU - Altsitsiadis, Efthymios

AU - Stamos, Angelos

AU - Antronikidis, Andreas

AU - Henchion, Maeve

AU - McCarthy, Sinead

AU - McCarthy, Mary

AU - Micalizzi, Alessandra

AU - Schulz, Peter J.

AU - Farinosi, Manuela

AU - Komatsu, Hidenori

AU - Tanaka, Nobuyuki

AU - Kubota, Hiromi

AU - Tayyem, Reema

AU - Al-Awwad, Narmeen J.

AU - Al-Bayyari, Nahla

AU - Ibrahim, Mohammed O.

AU - Hammouh, Fadwa

AU - Dashti, Somaia

AU - Dashti, Basma

AU - Alkharaif, Dhuha

AU - Alshatti, Amani

AU - Al Mazedi, Maryam

AU - Mansour, Rania

AU - Naim, Elissa

AU - Mortada, Hussein

AU - Gomez, Yareni Yunuen Gutierrez

AU - Geyskens, Kelly

AU - Goukens, Caroline

AU - Roy, Rajshri

AU - Egli, Victoria

AU - Morenga, Lisa Te

AU - Waly, Mostafa

AU - Qasrawi, Radwan

AU - Hamdan, Motasem

AU - Sier, Rania Abu

AU - Al Halawa, Diala Abu

AU - Agha, Hazem

AU - Domínguez, María Reyna Liria

AU - Palomares, Lita

AU - Wąsowicz, Grażyna

AU - Bawadi, Hiba

AU - Tayyem, Reema

AU - Othman, Manal

AU - Pakari, Jaafar

AU - Farha, Allam Abu

AU - Abu-El-Ruz, Rasha

AU - Petrescu, Dacinia Crina

AU - Mag, Ruxandra Malina Petrescu

AU - Arion, Felix

AU - Vesa, Stefan Cristian

AU - Alkhalaf, Majid M.

AU - Bookari, Khlood

AU - Arrish, Jamila

AU - Rahim, Zackaria

AU - Kheng, Roy

AU - Ngqangashe, Yandisa

AU - Mchiza, Zandile June-Rose

AU - Gonzalez-Gross, Marcela

AU - Pantoja-Arévalo, Lisset

AU - Gesteiro, Eva

AU - Ríos, Yolanda

AU - Yiga, Peter

AU - Ogwok, Patrick

AU - Ocen, Denis

AU - Bamuwamye, Michael

AU - Al Sabbah, Haleama

AU - Taha, Zainab

AU - Ismail, Leila Cheikh

AU - Aldhaheri, Ayesha

AU - Pineda, Elisa

AU - Miraldo, Marisa

AU - Holford, Dawn Liu

AU - den Bulck, Hilde Van

PY - 2023/11

Y1 - 2023/11

N2 - Background:The COVID-19 pandemic has revealed the fragility of the global food system, sending shockwaves across countries' societies and economy. This has presented formidable challenges to sustaining a healthy and resilient lifestyle. The objective of this study is to examine the food consumption patterns and assess diet diversity indicators, primarily focusing on the food consumption score (FCS), among households in 38 countries both before and during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic.Methods: A cross-sectional study with 37 207 participants (mean age: 36.70 ± 14.79, with 77 % women) was conducted in 38 countries through an online survey administered between April and June 2020. The study utilized a pre-tested food frequency questionnaire to explore food consumption patterns both before and during the COVID-19 periods. Additionally, the study computed Food Consumption Score (FCS) as a proxy indicator for assessing the dietary diversity of households.Findings: This quantification of global, regional and national dietary diversity across 38 countries showed an increment in the consumption of all food groups but a drop in the intake of vegetables and in the dietary diversity. The household's food consumption scores indicating dietary diversity varied across regions. It decreased in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) countries, including Lebanon (p < 0.001) and increased in the Gulf Cooperation Council countries including Bahrain (p = 0.003), Egypt (p < 0.001) and United Arab Emirates (p = 0.013). A decline in the household's dietary diversity was observed in Australia (p < 0.001), in South Africa including Uganda (p < 0.001), in Europe including Belgium (p < 0.001), Denmark (p = 0.002), Finland (p < 0.001) and Netherland (p = 0.027) and in South America including Ecuador (p < 0.001), Brazil (p < 0.001), Mexico (p < 0.0001) and Peru (p < 0.001). Middle and older ages [OR = 1.2; 95 % CI = [1.125–1.426] [OR = 2.5; 95 % CI = [1.951–3.064], being a woman [OR = 1.2; 95 % CI = [1.117–1.367], having a high education (p < 0.001), and showing amelioration in food-related behaviors [OR = 1.4; 95 % CI = [1.292–1.709] were all linked to having a higher dietary diversity.Conclusion: The minor to moderate changes in food consumption patterns observed across the 38 countries within relatively short time frames could become lasting, leading to a significant and prolonged reduction in dietary diversity, as demonstrated by our findings.

AB - Background:The COVID-19 pandemic has revealed the fragility of the global food system, sending shockwaves across countries' societies and economy. This has presented formidable challenges to sustaining a healthy and resilient lifestyle. The objective of this study is to examine the food consumption patterns and assess diet diversity indicators, primarily focusing on the food consumption score (FCS), among households in 38 countries both before and during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic.Methods: A cross-sectional study with 37 207 participants (mean age: 36.70 ± 14.79, with 77 % women) was conducted in 38 countries through an online survey administered between April and June 2020. The study utilized a pre-tested food frequency questionnaire to explore food consumption patterns both before and during the COVID-19 periods. Additionally, the study computed Food Consumption Score (FCS) as a proxy indicator for assessing the dietary diversity of households.Findings: This quantification of global, regional and national dietary diversity across 38 countries showed an increment in the consumption of all food groups but a drop in the intake of vegetables and in the dietary diversity. The household's food consumption scores indicating dietary diversity varied across regions. It decreased in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) countries, including Lebanon (p < 0.001) and increased in the Gulf Cooperation Council countries including Bahrain (p = 0.003), Egypt (p < 0.001) and United Arab Emirates (p = 0.013). A decline in the household's dietary diversity was observed in Australia (p < 0.001), in South Africa including Uganda (p < 0.001), in Europe including Belgium (p < 0.001), Denmark (p = 0.002), Finland (p < 0.001) and Netherland (p = 0.027) and in South America including Ecuador (p < 0.001), Brazil (p < 0.001), Mexico (p < 0.0001) and Peru (p < 0.001). Middle and older ages [OR = 1.2; 95 % CI = [1.125–1.426] [OR = 2.5; 95 % CI = [1.951–3.064], being a woman [OR = 1.2; 95 % CI = [1.117–1.367], having a high education (p < 0.001), and showing amelioration in food-related behaviors [OR = 1.4; 95 % CI = [1.292–1.709] were all linked to having a higher dietary diversity.Conclusion: The minor to moderate changes in food consumption patterns observed across the 38 countries within relatively short time frames could become lasting, leading to a significant and prolonged reduction in dietary diversity, as demonstrated by our findings.

KW - Food-related behaviors

KW - Food consumption score

KW - Dietary diversity

KW - Food consumption pattern

KW - Pandemics

KW - COVID-19

KW - Pandemics

KW - Food consumption pattern

KW - Dietary diversity

KW - Food consumption score

KW - Food-related behaviors

U2 - 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21585

DO - 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21585

M3 - Journal article

SN - 2405-8440

VL - 9

JO - Heliyon

JF - Heliyon

IS - 11

M1 - e21585

ER -